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The emergence of a new type of smart meter measurement system has realized the collection of electricity information, and has met the technology of demand side management on the power side, which has become an indispensable tool for developing smart grids in various countries. As an industrial power, Germany's every move in industrial development has attracted much attention, and Germany's promotion of the smart meter market is worthy of reference for many developing countries.

    Today, with the rapid development of energy transition in Germany, a large number of new energy and distributed generation grids and increasing power demand have brought huge impact on the grid. How to mobilize the enthusiasm of electricity customers including productive electricity consumers to participate in energy conservation and emission reduction, how to realize the demand side management and demand response technologies on the electricity side, how to collect more real-time power generation and power consumption information to cope with The unpredictability of a large number of new energy sources has become an important issue in the development of the energy Internet. The emergence of new smart meter measurement systems has made it possible to achieve the above goals. ,

    Normative standard setting path

    Under the guidance of the European Commission's 20-20-20 policy, EU countries are actively researching and applying smart grids to cope with the large number of new energy and distributed generation grids, and the impact of increasing electricity demand on the grid. . At the same time, the emergence of technologies such as demand side management and demand on the power side has become an indispensable new means for smart grids in the future to improve power efficiency and reduce energy consumption.

    Smart meter measurement systems are often seen as one of the foundations for implementing smart grids, especially for future demand-side advanced technologies. Smart meter measurement systems are also an important part of the concept of developing and promoting smart grids in countries. But at present, what is the development of German smart meter measurement system technology, and what is the current status and bottleneck of marketing?

    In fact, just as there are differences in the perception and definition of smart grids in various countries and regions of the world, there is no consensus in the industry for smart meter measurement systems. Since 2009, Germany has formulated relevant norms and standards, and has clearly defined the smart meter system technology in line with its own national conditions in terms of technical specifications. In particular, it has made clear regulations on information security technology and has gone to various EU member states. The front.

    The German Information Security Agency (BSI) has developed technical guidelines and information security standards for smart meter measurement systems from the national level. The technical guidelines propose a smart metering gateway as the core component, based on the advanced two-way communication system to connect measuring instruments (electric meters, gas meters, water meters, etc.), smart meter administrators, electricity market and home controllers, and other intelligent measurement systems, and define the basic Functional and communication modes and interoperability requirements.

    On the one hand, it can feedback the power usage information and timely update the electricity price information for the electricity customers, help the electricity customers to improve the power efficiency and optimize the energy consumption, realize the intelligent control of the demand side and the user end, and realize the remote automatic meter reading; In respect, it provides a large number of electricity customers and grid status information for grid companies and electricity sellers, and can be combined with distributed intelligent control terminals to realize control and management of power-side and distributed generation, and to support grid operation and marketing mode. Further promote the construction of smart grids.

    This lays the foundation for defining a unified and interoperable smart meter measurement system, and is currently a unified technical standard accepted by the German industry. In particular, the definition of the control function makes the German smart meter measurement system beyond the limits of the traditional definition, making its application prospects broader.

    On this basis, FNN, a subsidiary of the German Institute of Electrical Engineers (VDE), has joined forces with major German power companies and energy measurement companies to define a number of technical specifications for the functional characteristics of smart meter systems from an industry perspective. In particular, based on the interoperability of the system, the replaceability is proposed, which provides support for accelerating the promotion of smart meter systems. On this basis, VDE's standard setting body DKE (which is the body that established the famous DIN standard) is working on the definition of real technical standards.

    Smart meter promotion legal framework

    In 2009 and 2012, the European Commission issued relevant guidelines and legal frameworks, and proposed to introduce various smart meter measurement systems to EU member states to help electricity customers actively participate in the electricity market and improve electricity efficiency. At the same time, all member states are required to complete the promotion plan covering 80% of the country's electricity customers by 2020, subject to cost-effectiveness. However, the lack of unified guidance and scheduling among EU countries has created obstacles to the development of uniform international standards.

    Under the EU's unified legal framework, Germany introduced relevant regulations for the promotion of smart meter measurement systems in the 2011 new edition of the Energy Economic Law, which specifically clarified the scope of promotion and the role of relevant responsible persons, and stipulated new construction or implementation in Germany. Smart metering must be installed in large-scale repaired houses, electricity customers with annual electricity consumption of more than 6,000 kWh, new energy-generating equipment with capacity of more than 7 kW, and cogeneration equipment, all technical and economical buildings. system.

    In Germany, as early as 2008, the measurement access regulations were formulated, and the obligations and roles of the responsible persons were clarified. These two laws provide a legal framework for the large-scale promotion of smart meter measurement systems in Germany.

    Current status of marketing and commercialization

    Different from grid intelligence, smart meter measurement system is mainly installed on the demand side, its primary purpose is to serve customers, but it is difficult to promote because it involves collecting, processing and using customer-related information.

    In the EU, Italy and Sweden have completed national promotion, and the UK, the Netherlands, France, etc. have started comprehensive promotion projects. Although these countries have implemented implementation promotion earlier than Germany, they have not fully considered information security and technology standardization, and their promotion experience has proved that this is a very important link.

    Information security and technology standardization pose great challenges to the marketing and commercial use of smart meter measurement systems. Once this happens, even individual problems will have a big negative impact. The German government and relevant agencies have carefully started from the formulation of relevant national laws and regulations and the definition of comprehensive technical standards, from the policy norms and technical guidance, to help the promotion plan to be carried out smoothly.

    In 2013, in accordance with the requirements of the European Commission, the German Ministry of Economic Affairs commissioned a consulting company to conduct an in-depth analysis of the market prospects, promotion costs and utilities of promoting smart meter measurement systems in Germany, and published a cost-benefit analysis report. The report recommends that the German government revise the current guiding policy, phased and force all new energy power generation equipment to install smart meter systems to expand the scope of promotion, so as to achieve good economic benefits. After considering the research report and the opinions of all parties, the new German coalition government is actively preparing to introduce new laws and regulations and formulate preferential policies, such as measurement system regulations, promotion regulations, demand side management regulations, etc., to further standardize and coordinate the promotion plan. Implementation.

    However, the rigorous and methodical way of doing things by Germans often poses challenges and even hinders the promotion of new technologies. The promulgation of relevant laws and regulations and the formulation of technical standards are usually a very long process in Germany. It requires a lot of cross-cutting exchanges and discussions, and an agreement is reached with full consideration of the interests of all parties. This lengthy negotiation process and waiting for the development and marketing of products in the industry have a great impact, sometimes even fatal. The German industry's attitude is very different for the laws and regulations and possible preferential policies that are still uncertain, and most power companies and producers are still waiting to see.

    In general, uniform technical standards can help companies better develop R&D plans and marketing to help reduce costs. However, the current technical specifications issued by Germany have set a high technical threshold for the information security and functionality of smart meter systems, and are still being further improved. This has brought a lot of difficulty to the German manufacturers to launch related products, and it has also increased the cost and cost.

    Despite the difficulties and uncertainties, the German RWE, EnBW and other power companies and the leading companies such as Landis & Gyr have begun to deploy a large-scale promotion of smart meter systems, in anticipation of the technology and market bridges after the implementation of the policy. Source: China Instrument Network